Classical Music | Violin Music

Recorded on 06/17/2008, uploaded on 01/16/2009

Musician's or Publisher's Notes

Sonata No. 1 in A minor, Op. 105          Robert Schumann

         I. Mit leidenschaftlichem Ausdruck; II. Allegretto; III.  Lebhaft

Composed in the year of 1851, Robert Schumann's first Violin Sonata in A minor was premiered by Ferdinand David and Clara Schumann in 1852. One theory suggests that he composed the piece as an angry response to certain individuals in his life, and this energy is evident throughout. The entire piece was written in only 5 days. It is in three movements, the first of which has a very passionate and tortured disposition. Schumann often places extra emphasis on weak beats in order to add to the unstable tone of the piece. Since he composed it in only three movements, he has used the middle movement to combine the functions of both a slow movement and a scherzo, alternating lyrical and more quick-moving passages. The last movement consists largely of a fast-moving sixteenth note motive. The underlying spooky mood created by these sixteenths is interrupted with a seemingly unrelated lyrical passage halfway through the movement, after which we are led back into the passionate fast-paced finish.    Ilana Setapen

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Violin Sonata in A minor       Robert Schumann

Schumann's three violin sonatas (of which only two were published) come from the last years of his career—the first two in 1851 and the third in 1853. By 1850, mental illness began to take its toll on Schumann and those around him. Suffering from violent mood swings, he believed he was ordered by Heaven to compose certain melodies and, subsequently, tormented by demons. Not surprisingly, an altered mental state produced stylistic changes in Schumann's output and it is unclear whether they were the result of mental breakdowns or purposeful experimentation. Regardless, Schumann's feverish pace of composition did not wane and the first Violin Sonata was composed in less than a week in September 1851. Schumann, however, expressed dissatisfaction with the work which, consequently, prompted him to make a second attempt at a sonata for the violin. Nevertheless, the first Violin Sonata received a premier the following March performed by his wife Clara and the violinist Ferdinand David.

The first movement is intensely passionate and gives a clear view into the inner torment Schumann must have endured during his final years. A lyrical 6/8 theme in A minor, offset by a restless piano accompaniment, opens the work. The second theme follows in C major, giving a brief moment of warmth and consolation but it is not enough to lift the gloomy atmosphere of the whole movement.

The second movement, an Intermezzo in F major, begins haltingly with a melodic line that struggles to maintain its forward momentum. Before the graceful first melody can even lift itself from the ashes of the first movement, it is interrupted by a brief episode in the tonic minor. Once again, the melody attempts its hesitant start again this time giving way to a more resolute episode beginning in D minor. Finally, the opening F major melody returns before fading away into quiet concluding chords.

Beginning with repressed agitation, the final movement's repetitive sixteenth-note passages have an almost demonic sound to them. Hardly a measure goes by, even in the more lyrical sections, in which the sixteenth-notes are not heard. Before the coda, a brief echo of the first movement's opening theme is heard. However, it is quickly swept aside by the vigorous sixteenth-note motif and the sonata comes to a tragic ending.    Joseph DuBose

Courtesy of International Music Foundation.